The coveted Nobel Prize is announced every year, and last year there were several American winners.
In addition to the Harvard University economics professor, the recipients were a University of Pennsylvania researcher involved in developing an mRNA vaccine against COVID-19, and a scientist and professor emeritus at The Ohio State University. Three US-based scientists have won awards for their research in the field of chemistry.
With more than 400 winners, the United States produces more Nobel Prize winners than any other country.
What is a Nobel Prize?
The Nobel Prizes are a series of awards given annually to those who have “conferred the greatest benefit to humankind,” said founder Alfred Nobel.
According to the Nobel Prize Organization, Nobel was an inventor, entrepreneur, scientist, businessman and author. When he died, he left most of his fortune to establish these awards.
The categories are Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. There is also the Economics Prize, which was established in 1968 with a donation from Sweden’s central bank, Sveriges Riksbank.
The Nobel Prize nomination process begins each September, with thousands of academics, scientists, past laureates, and members of parliament submitting nominations. According to the Nobel Prize organization, nominees have been chosen to represent as many countries and universities as possible over the years.
Nobel stipulated in his will that a Swedish institution would be responsible for selecting Nobel Prize winners. The Norwegian parliament should select the Nobel Peace Prize winner. He also called for the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony to be held in Norway. Today, Nobel Day is celebrated by awarding the prize on December 10th, the day Nobel passed away. Other Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden, according to Nobel’s will.
There are some exceptions. Many awards were not awarded in World War I and World War II. If no noteworthy work is identified, the Foundation is not required to award that category in that year. For example, the Nobel Peace Prize was not awarded to him in 1966, 1967, or 1972.
What is the Nobel Peace Prize?
Nobel specified in his will that the Peace Prize will be given to those “who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congrundefined,” making it arguably the most well-known of the prizes.
Until now, this award has given preferential treatment to politicians who promote international peace through diplomacy, but humanitarian work has also been recognized. Peace Prize winners’ accomplishments typically fall into one of the following areas:
- Arms Control and Disarmament
- Peace Negotiations
- Democracy
- Human Rights
Imprisoned Iranian Human Rights Activist Narges Mohammadi Receives Peace Prize in 2023 Award-winning. Mohammadi has been in and out of prison for the past decade and is now the “undisputed leader” of a closely-supervised mass protest movement against Iranian authorities on false charges of “spreading propaganda.” It is said. The police on behavior and dress were carried out by women. She serves as vice president of the Center for Human Rights Defenders in Iran.
Who will be the Nobel Prize winners in 2023?
Last year, all categories received awards and they were announced in October 2023. Up to three individuals or institutions may share a prize. The winners are:
- Nobel Prize in Physics: Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krauss, Anne Lhuillier “for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”
- Nobel Chemistry Award: Mungi G. Bawendi, Luis E. Mr. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimov “for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots”
- Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Katalin Kariko and Drew Wiseman “for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19”
- Nobel Prize in Literature: John Master, “for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”
- Nobel Peace Prize: Narges Mohammadi, “for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all”
- Economics Prize: Claudia Goldin “for having advanced our understanding of women’s labour market outcomes”
How much is the Nobel Prize worth?
The Nobel prize money came from Nobel, and Nobel wanted his wealth to be invested in a fund for the prize. The interest on this money is used to pay for today’s prices. Last year’s prize money was 11 million Swedish crowns, or about $993,000.
Who is the most famous Nobel Prize winner?
Some archived Nobel laureates are known more for their contributions than for their fame, but there are several famous people who have won awards.
Four U.S. presidents and one vice president have won the Nobel Peace Prize:
- President Woodrow Wilson in 1920
- President Jimmy Carter in 2002
- Vice President Al Gore in 2007
- President Barack Obama in 2009
Other notable winners, according to the Nobel Prize archives include:
- Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with her husband Pierre. Curie also won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.
- Ivan Pavlov won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905
- Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921
- Ernest Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954
- Martin Luther King Jr. won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964
- Mother Teresa won the Nobel Prize in 1979 Nobel Peace Prize
- Desmond Tutu won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984
- Elie Wiesel won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986
- Toni Morrison won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993
- Malala Yousafzai was one of two Nobel Peace Prize winners
- Bob Dylan won the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature
To date, only two Nobel Prize winners have declined the award. French playwright Jean-Paul Sartre was known for refusing all official honors, and he continued this tradition by winning the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1964. Le Duc Tho was in charge of negotiating the armistice agreement with US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger during the Vietnam War. The couple were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1973, but Toh declined the award, saying he was unable to accept it.
Adolf Hitler barred three German Nobel laureates from receiving the Nobel Prize, and Boris Pasternak, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958, was forced to refuse by Soviet authorities.