World Prematurity Day: Top 6 Causes of Preterm Birth and Prevention Tips

Worldwide, a startling number of kids are born too soon each year, resulting in a variety of health problems and perhaps long-term developmental obstacles. These early arrivals frequently encounter major obstacles, such as respiratory issues, feeding difficulties, and heightened susceptibility to infections. Every year on November 17th, World Prematurity Day is commemorated to raise awareness of the serious problems associated with preterm delivery and the importance of prompt medical care. In order to promote a better knowledge of this significant health issue, this day provides a chance to inform the public about the different reasons of premature births as well as practical preventative measures.

Preterm birth: what is it?

According to a study in the journal Vaccine, preterm birth, sometimes referred to as premature birth, occurs when a baby is born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Typically, a full-term pregnancy lasts 40 weeks. Because their organs and systems may not be fully matured, prematurely born babies frequently encounter a variety of health issues. According to neonatologist and pediatrician Dr. R. Kishore Kumar, “these challenges can include respiratory problems, difficulty maintaining body temperature, feeding challenges, and an increased risk of infections.” A newborn is more likely to experience complications and long-term health problems the earlier they are born.

Six typical reasons for premature birth

According to the World Health Organization, premature birth can be caused by a number of factors:

• Maternal health conditions: Pregnancy issues such as placenta previa or preeclampsia, chronic diseases like diabetes or high blood pressure, and infections such as STIs or urinary tract infections can all raise the risk.
• Multiple pregnancies: Excessive strain on the uterus from carrying twins, triplets, or more infants might result in early labor.
• Medical operations: Preterm birth risk may be raised by some medical procedures, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or cervical cerclage.
• Lifestyle factors: Preterm birth risk can be considerably raised by smoking, binge drinking, and using drugs while pregnant.
• Uterine or cervical issues: Early labor may be caused by structural abnormalities of the uterus or cervix, such as a weak cervix or prior uterine surgery.
• Unknown causes: Even after an extensive medical review, the precise cause of premature birth is frequently still unknown.

What signs of premature birth are present?

According to a study that was published in MedicinePlus, the following are indicators that a baby might be premature:

• Generally speaking, premature babies are smaller than full-term babies.
• They may have thin, nearly transparent skin with no subcutaneous fat.
• Their body may be covered in fine, downy hair, particularly on the shoulders and back.
• Their nose and chin may seem smaller, and their facial features may seem less visible.
• They might be less active and have weak muscles.
• They may have difficulty breathing because their lungs are not fully developed.
• They could have trouble to control their breathing and eating, or swallow.
• It’s possible that they struggle to control their body temperature.

It is important to remember that not every premature baby shows every one of these symptoms. Depending on how early the infant was born, these symptoms can vary in intensity.

Typical issues with kids born prematurely

1. The syndrome of respiratory distress (RDS)

According to a StatPearls study, it is a common breathing issue among premature babies, especially those delivered extremely early. The substance known as surfactant is produced by the baby’s lungs as they develop progressively during a normal pregnancy. This material keeps the lungs’ little air sacs open, which makes it easier for the newborn to breathe. Premature babies’ lungs, on the other hand, might not be fully matured, which results in inadequate surfactant production. Because of this, their lungs have trouble staying inflated, which results in quick, shallow breathing, grunting sounds, and bluish skin discoloration. In extreme situations, a baby can need additional oxygen and ventilator-assisted breathing.

2. Brain bleeding

Premature babies are prone to bleeding because their brains have fragile, undeveloped blood vessels. According to a study in the journal Acta Biomedical, this disease, called intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), can happen when these delicate arteries burst. The bleeding can vary in intensity, and minor episodes frequently go away without causing serious long-term problems. Serious side effects such hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, and developmental disabilities, however, might result from massive brain hemorrhages. Babies born extremely early and those with additional health issues are at a higher risk of IVH. To reduce the risk, careful observation and prompt action are essential.

3. Issues with digestion

According to a study in the journal Nutrients, premature babies frequently have digestive problems since their digestive systems are still developing. They may have small, undeveloped stomachs, which makes it challenging for them to effectively digest and absorb food. Feeding problems could result from this, such as delayed weight gain, frequent spitting, and difficulty coordinating breathing and swallowing. Additionally, their intestinal lining can be more permeable, increasing the risk of infection by allowing bacteria to enter the circulation.

4. Eye issue

According to a StatPearls study, premature babies may develop retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a dangerous eye disorder. The retina, the light-sensitive region at the rear of the eyes, may have blood vessels that are not fully developed in premature babies. Vision loss or even blindness could ensue from the leakage or scarring of these abnormal blood vessels. Premature infants must have regular eye exams to be monitored for ROP. Healthy visual growth and the prevention of vision deterioration can be achieved through early detection and treatment, such as laser surgery or injections.

How may premature births be avoided?

Here are six strategies to avoid early labor:

1. Prenatal care

To track the development of your pregnancy and spot any possible dangers early on, routine prenatal checkups are crucial. During these appointments, medical professionals can check for conditions that could raise the risk of preterm labor, monitor the mother’s health, and evaluate the baby’s growth. The likelihood of a healthy, full-term pregnancy can be increased and preterm labor can be avoided with prompt measures such medication, lifestyle changes, or bed rest.

2. A healthy way of living

Preterm birth can be avoided in large part by leading a healthy lifestyle. Essential nutrients for a healthy pregnancy are provided by a well-balanced diet full of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Frequent moderate exercise can lower the likelihood of problems and enhance general health. Preterm birth risk can be reduced by maintaining a healthy weight both before and throughout pregnancy. Avoiding dangerous substances like alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs is essential since they raise the risk of preterm labor and other pregnancy issues. Pregnant women can greatly increase their odds of having a full-term pregnancy by leading a healthy lifestyle.

3. Reduce stress

Preterm labor may result from stress, which can have a major effect on pregnancy. Hormones that can cause uterine contractions and early labor can be released as a result of prolonged stress. It’s crucial to use relaxation methods like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing to control stress levels. These techniques can ease mental tension, lessen anxiety, and enhance general wellbeing. Additionally, chatting to a therapist, joining support groups, or asking loved ones for aid can help manage the difficulties of pregnancy and offer emotional comfort.

4. Avoid infection

Maintaining proper hygiene is crucial to avoiding infections that may cause preterm labor. One of the best strategies to stop the spread of germs is to wash your hands frequently with soap and water. Washing your hands before eating, after using the restroom, and after handling raw food is especially crucial. Additionally, you and your unborn child can be protected from infections by avoiding close contact with sick people and receiving vaccinations against diseases that can be prevented.

By taking these precautions and consulting a doctor on a regular basis, you can lower your risk of preterm birth and have a healthier pregnancy.